Most humans will experience low back pain (LBP) at some point in their life. Despite the prevalence of LBP, there remains significant misinformation surrounding why it occurs. In this guide we will bring clarity to the discussion based on current research evidence, while outlining a path forward for management.

Table of Contents:
Part 1 – Introduction to Low Back Pain
What is low back pain?
What is the meaning of low back pain?
Updating Our Model
Does low back pain follow a natural history?
What contributes to low back pain?
Part 2 – Low Back Pain in Healthcare
Are there costs to unnecessary imaging?
What are normal vs pathological lumbar imaging findings?
Lumbar disc herniations
Spinal stenosis
Modic changes
Facet joint osteoarthritis
Sacroiliac joint osteoarthritis
Spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis
Scoliosis
Muscles
Part 3 – Being A Guide
Overview of 5-step approach for helping individuals dealing with low back pain
Education
Decreasing fear avoidance / kinesiophobia
Minimizing catastrophizing
Teaching self-efficacy
Advocating for goal-directed activity
When to seek healthcare consultation
References